GaInSn alloy with the melting point around 10 ° C was adopted as the coolant and a tower structure was implemented so that the lowest coolant amount was used. In this paper, a design and implementation of a practical liquid metal cooling device for heat dissipation of high performance CPUs was demonstrated. Liquid metal cooling, which has been proposed in recent years, is fast emerging as a novel and promising solution to meet the requirements of high heat flux optoelectronic devices. Journal of Verification, Validation and Uncertainty Quantificationīroad societal needs have focused attention on technologies that can effectively dissipate huge amount of heat from high power density electronic devices.Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications.Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering.Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science.Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnostics and Prognostics of Engineering Systems.Journal of Nanotechnology in Engineering and Medicine.Journal of Micro and Nano-Manufacturing.Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering.Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology.Journal of Engineering for Sustainable Buildings and Cities.Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power.Journal of Engineering and Science in Medical Diagnostics and Therapy.Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage.Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control.Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering.Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics.Journal of Autonomous Vehicles and Systems.ASME Letters in Dynamic Systems and Control.ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part B: Mechanical Engineering.Mechanical Engineering Magazine Select Articles.Technical Data, ElectronicsCooling, Vol.Watch the sharp drop in k from solid to liquid, caused by the fact that the crystalline order disappears during the phase change leading to many more scattering modes. Many non-eutectic alloys don’t have a well-defined melting point but rather a melting range, and hence data for melting points are indications. The table shows the thermal conductivity and melting points for a selection of pure metals and alloys. Thermal Conductivity and Melting Points of Some Metals and Alloys Of particular importance is a GaInSn combination sold as Galinstan that is accepted as a replacement of mercury. Most alloys for low melting points consist of a mixture of Ga, In, Sn, Pb and Bi, leading to a whole range of eutectics. Unfortunately, all of them are very reactive with many fluids and most metals, are sometimes toxic, and hence ceramic coatings are often mandatory. Because the lattice contribution is usually two orders of magnitude smaller than the electronic contribution, it is safe to conclude that the thermal conductivity calculated by using the W-F law is a reasonable estimate of k, the advantage being that r is much easier to measure.įocusing on pure metals, all alkalines have low melting points. This leads to a simple correlation between the electronic contribution to the thermal conductivity kel, the electrical resistivity and the temperature, the so-called Wiedemann-Franz law (see also ). Other important applications at still higher temperatures are the use of Na for heat pipes and for the nuclear power industry.įrom a solid-state-physics point of view, liquid metals are easier to deal with than solid metals because tensors transform to scalars due to the isotropy of the liquid state. At higher temperatures the most important industrial application is soldering. Except for the much higher thermal conductivity compared to ‘standard’ heat transfer fluids, liquid metals offer the additional advantage of having the ability to pump more efficiently due to their low electrical resistivity. Both applications increase in importance because they enable significant reductions in the overall thermal resistance. In the field of thermal management we are interested in liquid metals at or around room temperature for two main purposes: for reducing thermal interface resistances and for liquid cooling. China’s first emperor is said to have been buried in rivers of flowing mercury. It is not widely known that some metallic alloys are liquid below 0�C, with the exception of course of mercury which was already known in ancient times. Thinking about liquid metals, many people associate them with high temperatures. This column deals with the thermal conductivity and melting points of liquid metals.
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